linux系统选择

这篇文章上次修改于 486 天前，可能其部分内容已经发生变化。

提示：1.本文是非常详细的教程类文章 2.本文会持续更新

linux系统相比windows系统有很多无法超越的优势，在选择linux系统之前先介绍三种体系，Ubuntu，Fedora，ArchLinux，包管理方式分别为apt,dnf/yum,pacman。这三种体系下的系统我都有所尝试（mint,popOS!,fedora,EndeavourOS,RHEL,RockyLinux），结合各种体验最终选择RockyLinux。

RockyLinux是CentOS的子嗣，与RHEL完全兼容，是一个开源的企业级操作系统，很稳定。目前最新的为Rocky 9，内核版本为5.14.x。在这个网址上即可下载https://download.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/9/isos/x86_64/Rocky-9.2-x86_64-dvd.iso。下载完毕后，准备一个16G以上的u盘，将u盘内容全部删除，下载rufus这个软件https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.1/rufus-4.1.exe，完成后打开，点击选择，找到下载好的rocky iso文件，回车即可。
2023-07-05T15:02:20.png
将分区类型设置为GPT，点击开始弹出这个对话框，选择DD模式写入。
2023-07-05T15:06:33.png
之后在点击一次确定等待进度条的完成。
2023-07-05T15:07:50.png
这样一来，u盘就有了Linux的安装文件，重启电脑，开机时长按F8（华硕主板，其他主板自行查阅选择启动项的快捷键）,选择u盘启动,如图。
2023-07-22T10:38:41.png
设置hostname主机名root密码和用户密码，分区进行安装，安装源保持不变。
分区如图
2023-07-22T10:45:01.png
安装完毕后会自动重启到新的操作系统。需要进行以下配置
打开终端键入以下命令
sudo dnf update -y
sudo nano /etc/selinux/config
将selinux状态设置为disabled
sudo reboot
sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
sudo dnf makecache
sudo dnf install akmod-nvidia
sudo dnf install xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-cuda
sudo dnf copr enable atim/bottom
sudo dnf install bottom
sudo dnf install htop
sudo dns install libXScrnSaver libnsl xmessage
sudo dnf install chkconfig
sudo dnf install picom
sudo dnf install https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm
sudo dnf install https://dldir1.qq.com/qqfile/qq/QQNT/ad5b5393/linuxqq_3.1.2-13107_x86_64.rpm
sudo dnf install '/home/nescafe/dingtalk-bin-1.6.0.230113-2.fc37.x86_64.rpm'
sudo dnf install fcitx5
sudo dnf install fcitx5-qt
sudo dnf install fcitx5-chinese
sudo dnf install fcitx5-autostart
sudo dnf install fcitx5-data
sudo dnf install fcitx5-chinese-addons
sudo dnf install fcitx5-qt
sudo dnf install fcitx5-gtk
sudo dnf install kcm-fcitx5
sudo dnf install fcitx5-configtool
sudo dnf install xset
sudo dnf install openldap
sudo dnf install openldap-compat
sudo reboot

打开nvidia setting设置如下并保存生成的配置文件
2023-07-22T10:54:54.png
2023-07-22T10:55:00.png

cd /etc/X11/
sudo cp '/home/nescafe/Desktop/xorg.conf' .
sudo reboot

安装houdini
cd /home/nescafe/houdini-19.5.640-linux_x86_64_gcc9.3
./houdini.install
输入密码后选择安装的功能其他保持默认即可

激活houdini
sudo systemctl stop sesinetd.service
sudo dnf remove enki
sudo rpm --import https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc
sudo sh -c 'echo -e "[code]\nname=Visual Studio Code\nbaseurl=https://packages.microsoft.com/yumrepos/vscode\nenabled=1\ngpgcheck=1\ngpgkey=https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc" > /etc/yum.repos.d/vscode.repo'
dnf check-update
sudo dnf install code
sudo systemctl status sesinetd.service
cd /usr/lib/sesi/
sudo cp -R '/home/nescafe/sesinetd' .
sudo systemctl start sesinetd.service
cd /opt/hfs19.5.640/
source houdini_setup
hkey
'/home/nescafe/Houdini-Tools'
houdinifx

配置houdini env添加内容
QTWEBENGINE_DISABLE_SANDBOX=1
HOUDINI_USE_HFS_OCL=0

sudo nano /usr/lib/systemd/zram-generator.conf
将zram 8192更改为内存值
sudo reboot
zramctl

sudo dnf install unrar
sudo dnf install unzip

安装nuke
'/home/nescafe/Nuke13.2v7-linux-x86_64.run'
cd /opt/

在桌面上创建这个文件，其他类似文本末端提供
[Desktop Entry]
Name=NukeX13.2v7
Comment=NukeX
Exec=/opt/Nuke13.2v7/Nuke13.2 --nukex
StartupWMClass=MODO
Type=Application
Categories=Qt;Graphics;3DGraphics;
Icon=/opt/Nuke13.2v7/plugins/icons/NukeApp48.png
Terminal=true

sudo cp -R /home/nescafe/Nuke13.2v7 .

cd /usr/share/applications/
sudo cp '/home/nescafe/Desktop/NukeX13.2v7.desktop' .

激活nuke
sudo sh '/home/nescafe/Ultimate.RLM.Floating.License.Server/RLM_Linux-64/rlm_install.sh'
！！注意审查内容更改一些信息
sudo nano /etc/init.d/rlmd
这里的将内容替换如下(主要是开头)

#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:             rlmd
# Required-Start:       $local_fs $network
# Required-Stop:
# Should-Start:
# Default-Start:        2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:         0 1 6
# Short-Description:    Script to start and stop the rlm License Manager
# Description:
### END INIT INFO#

# rlm          Start/Stop rlm
#

#----------------------------------------------------------------
#----------------------------------------------------------------
# NOTE:
# NOTE: Configure these 5 variables for your system
# NOTE:

# Set rlmuser to the user under which rlm will run
rlmuser=nescafe

# Set rlmdir to the directory where the rlm binaries are found
rlmdir=/opt/rlm

# Set licfile to the path to the license file
licfile=$rlmdir/solidangle.lic

# Set debuglog to the path to the debug log
debuglog=+$rlmdir/rlm_lic.dlog
#----------------------------------------------------------------
#----------------------------------------------------------------
#----------------------------------------------------------------

start() {
echo $debuglog
    su - $rlmuser -c "$rlmdir/rlm -c $licfile -dlog $debuglog &"
}

stop() {
    su - $rlmuser -c "echo 'y' | $rlmdir/rlmutil rlmdown RLM" 
}    

case "$1" in
  start)
      start
    ;;
  stop)
      stop
    ;;
  restart)
    stop
    sleep 2
    start
    ;;
  *)
    echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
    exit 1
esac

exit 0

sudo systemctl enable rlmd
sudo systemctl stop rlmd
sudo systemctl start rlmd

安装nuke tinderbox插件
将tinderbox拷贝至nuke插件目录下/usr/OFX/Nuke如图
2023-07-22T11:48:11.png
打开这个目录/usr/local/foundry/FLEXlm 创建一个nuke.lic文件内容如下

FEATURE nuke_i foundry 2010.0408 permanent uncounted HOSTID=ANY ISSUER="TEAM_NULL" SIGN=ThisIsJustAfiller
FEATURE nuke_r foundry 2010.0408 permanent uncounted HOSTID=ANY ISSUER="TEAM_NULL" SIGN=ThisIsJustAfiller
FEATURE nukex_i foundry 2010.0408 permanent uncounted HOSTID=ANY ISSUER="TEAM_NULL" SIGN=ThisIsJustAfiller
FEATURE nukex_r foundry 2010.0408 permanent uncounted HOSTID=ANY ISSUER="TEAM_NULL" SIGN=ThisIsJustAfiller
FEATURE tinderbox1_ofx_i foundry 2010.0408 permanent uncounted HOSTID=ANY ISSUER="TEAM_NULL" SIGN=ThisIsJustAfiller
FEATURE tinderbox1_ofx_r foundry 2010.0408 permanent uncounted HOSTID=ANY ISSUER="TEAM_NULL" SIGN=ThisIsJustAfiller
FEATURE tinderbox2_ofx_i foundry 2010.0408 permanent uncounted HOSTID=ANY ISSUER="TEAM_NULL" SIGN=ThisIsJustAfiller
FEATURE tinderbox2_ofx_r foundry 2010.0408 permanent uncounted HOSTID=ANY ISSUER="TEAM_NULL" SIGN=ThisIsJustAfiller
FEATURE tinderbox3_ofx_i foundry 2010.0408 permanent uncounted HOSTID=ANY ISSUER="TEAM_NULL" SIGN=ThisIsJustAfiller
FEATURE tinderbox3_ofx_r foundry 2010.0408 permanent uncounted HOSTID=ANY ISSUER="TEAM_NULL" SIGN=ThisIsJustAfiller
FEATURE tinderbox4_ofx_i foundry 2010.0408 permanent uncounted HOSTID=ANY ISSUER="TEAM_NULL" SIGN=ThisIsJustAfiller
FEATURE tinderbox4_ofx_r foundry 2010.0408 permanent uncounted HOSTID=ANY ISSUER="TEAM_NULL" SIGN=ThisIsJustAfiller
FEATURE rollingshutter_ofx_i foundry 2010.0408 permanent uncounted HOSTID=ANY ISSUER="TEAM_NULL" SIGN=ThisIsJustAfiller
FEATURE rollingshutter_ofx_r foundry 2010.0408 permanent uncounted HOSTID=ANY ISSUER="TEAM_NULL" SIGN=ThisIsJustAfiller
FEATURE furnace_ofx_i foundry 2010.0408 permanent uncounted HOSTID=ANY ISSUER="TEAM_NULL" SIGN=ThisIsJustAfiller
FEATURE furnace_ofx_r foundry 2010.0408 permanent uncounted HOSTID=ANY ISSUER="TEAM_NULL" SIGN=ThisIsJustAfiller

安装RV，激活使用windows下的许可证，放在/opt/rv-centos7-x86-64-2023.0.0/etc/license.gto
cd /opt/
sudo cp -R /home/nescafe/rv-centos7-x86-64-2023.0.0 .
sudo dnf install tcsh
sudo cp '/home/nescafe/Desktop/RV.desktop' .

sudo dnf install vlc
sudo dnf install ffmpeg
sudo dnf swap ffmpeg-free ffmpeg --allowerasing
sudo dnf install obs-studio
sudo dnf install shutter
timedatectl set-local-rtc 0

nano ~/.bashrc
编辑bashrc加入如下两行
export HISTSIZE=5000
export HISTFILESIZE=50000

sudo dnf install neofetch
nano /home/nescafe/.config/neofetch/config.conf
将host段替换为
prin "host" "$(< /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/board_name)"

sudo dnf install inxi

安装长期支持版内核
sudo dnf copr enable kwizart/kernel-longterm-6.1
sudo dnf install kernel-longterm
sudo dnf install kernel-longterm-devel
sudo reboot

chmod +x VMware-Workstation-Full-17.0.2-21581411.x86_64.bundle
sudo ./VMware-Workstation-Full-17.0.2-21581411.x86_64.bundle
如果安装失败多试几次
激活使用专业版序列号即可激活

sudo dnf install '/home/nescafe/Downloads/devilspie2-0.43-13.fc37.x86_64.rpm'
在session设置自动启动devilspie2即可

sudo dnf install alacritty